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Sent on Saturday, 2008 Apr 05.
Search cancer
Click on the following url to view complete results in pubmed. (Results may change over time.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/cubby.fcgi?call=0XoCJ7gUgls4UL_VI2WeS5RDjBP0iBiu1YsG9-aM4pZ93x2zozKkwQ1n0LNkdp0&WebCubbyUser=0pg92LKCwbdWwHqJ0w8Pcypx%401FBF75817F83AF70_0021SID
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==================== Entrez pubmed Results ======================
Items 1 - 5 of 322
1: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008 Mar;65(3):200-11.
The use of xenograft models for the selection of cancer treatments with the EGFR
as an example.
Troiani T, Schettino C, Martinelli E, Morgillo F, Tortora G, Ciardiello F.
Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale F Magrassi
e A Lanzara, Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
Mouse models of cancer have consistently been used to qualify new anti-cancer
drugs for development of human clinical trials. The most used models are
xenografts of human tumors grown subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice such as
athymic (nude) or severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. However, the
number of anti-cancer agents that fail in the clinic far outweighs those
considered effective, suggesting that the selection procedure for progression of
molecules into the clinic requires improvement. This has provoked considerable
skepticism about the value of using such preclinical models. As a result, a
shift has occurred towards developing and using spontaneous mouse tumor arising
in transgenic and/or knockout mice engineered to recapitulate various genetic
alterations thought to be causative of specific types of human cancers.
Alternatively, the option has been to improve human tumor xenograft models by
using orthotopic transplantation and, therefore, promotion of metastatic spread
of the resultant 'primary' tumors. Here we review the value and the limitations
of xenograft models and their role in developing new anti-cancer treatments.
PMID: 18389522 [PubMed - in process]
2: Endoscopy. 2008 Apr;40(4):296-301.
A prospective randomized trial of cannulation technique in ERCP: effects on
technical success and post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Bailey AA, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ, Walsh PR, Murray MA, Lee EY, Kwan V, Lynch
PM.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead,
Sydney, Australia.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Inadvertent injection of contrast agent into the
pancreatic duct is believed to be an important contributor to pancreatitis
occurring after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP
pancreatitis, PEP). Our aim was to examine whether primary deep biliary
cannulation with a guide wire is associated with a lower rate of PEP than
conventional contrast-assisted cannulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August
2003 to April 2006 all patients with an intact papilla who were referred for
ERCP were eligible. Patients with pancreatic or ampullary cancer were excluded.
Patients were randomized to undergo sphincterotomy biliary cannulation using
either contrast injection or a guide wire. The ERCP fellow attempted initially
for 5 minutes. If unsuccessful, the consultant attempted for 5 minutes using the
same technique, followed by crossover to the other technique in the same
sequence and then needle-knife sphincterotomy where appropriate. Patients were
assessed clinically after the procedure, then followed up with telephone
interviews after 24 hours and 30 days, and serum amylase and lipase tests after
24 hours. RESULTS: Out of 1654 patients undergoing ERCP, 413 were included in
the study. PEP occurred in 29/413 (7.0 %): 16 in the guide-wire arm, 13 in the
contrast arm ( P = 0.48). The overall cannulation success rate was 97.3 %.
Cannulation was successful without crossover in 323/413 patients (78.2 %):
167/202 (81.4 %) in the guide-wire arm and 156/211 (73.9 %) in the contrast arm
( P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis demonstrated female sex (OR = 2.7, P = 0.04),
suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (OR = 5.5, P = 0.01), and complete
filling of the pancreatic duct with contrast agent (OR = 3.5, P = 0.02) to be
independently associated with PEP. The risk of PEP increased incrementally with
each attempt at the papilla (OR 1.4 per attempt, P = 0.04) to greater than 10 %
after four or more attempts. CONCLUSIONS: The guide-wire technique improves the
primary success rate for biliary cannulation during ERCP but does not reduce the
incidence of PEP compared to the conventional contrast technique. The incidence
of PEP increases incrementally with each attempt at the papilla.
PMID: 18389448 [PubMed - in process]
3: Endoscopy. 2008 Apr;40(4):280-3.
Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer: comparison of two
modifications of the cap method.
Kume K, Yamasaki M, Tashiro M, Santo N, Syukuwa K, Maekawa S, Aritome G,
Matsuoka H, Murase T, Yoshikawa I, Otsuki M.
Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Occupational and
Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyusyu, Japan.
k-kume@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap (EMR-C) is an
established method for curative resection of early neoplastic lesions;
prelooping of the snare may however be difficult and lead to imprecise
resection. We therefore compared two modifications of the conventional technique
using outer snare placement with an accessory channel in a prospective,
nonrandomized study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 2004 and March 2007,
54 patients (men 37, women 17; mean age 71 years) underwent EMR. One method
involved an internally retained snare (IRS) cap, with a fixed prelooped snare
inside the cap; the other method used an externally guided snare (EGS) cap with
the snare guided over an oblique cap. The main outcome parameters were specimen
size, en bloc resection, and complications. RESULTS: There was no difference
between use of the IRS and EGS cap methods in relation to specimen size (27.6
vs. 27.1 mm), or rates of en bloc resection (88.9 % vs. 83.3 %); only one
perforation occurred, and this was in the EGS group. CONCLUSION: Both techniques
appeared to provide similar efficacy, the inner rim of the IRS cap stabilizes
aspiration of the lesion compared with the EGS cap that does not have it.
PMID: 18389445 [PubMed - in process]
4: Health Care Women Int. 2008 Apr;29(4):384-99.
"Coming to grips" with chemotherapy-induced premature menopause.
Knobf MT.
School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer has significantly improved survival
outcomes but is associated with ovarian toxicity, resulting in early menopause
for many premenopausal women. A qualitative study was conducted that generated a
grounded theory explaining how women carried on with life in response to breast
cancer and menopause. My purpose in this article is to describe three distinct
types of responses from women in that study: making the best of it, struggling
and barely noticing. The degree of menopausal symptom distress and perceived
level of preparation for the menopause experience had the greatest influence on
the type of response.
PMID: 18389434 [PubMed - in process]
5: Health Care Women Int. 2008 Apr;29(4):366-83.
A qualitative study examining psychosocial distress, coping, and social support
across the stages and phases of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Power J, Brown L, Ritvo P.
Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Ovarian cancer patients experience high levels of anxiety and depression, yet
there is little research regarding coping and support of this population. In
this study we examined the experiences of women during diagnosis and treatment
via 30 semistructured interviews. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively,
and five main themes were evident: (1) extreme blunting; (2) having a "forgotten
cancer"; (3) traumatic surprise of diagnosis; (4) highs and lows of health care;
and (5) support gap experienced postdiagnosis. Currently, there is no readily
accessible psychosocial/educational information source for these patients. It is
likely that a telephone intervention would be the most effective solution.
PMID: 18389433 [PubMed - in process]